คุณมีข้อสงสัยเกี่ยวกับกฎหมายของประเทศของคุณเรื่องลายมือชื่อดิจิทัลใช่ไหม?
เรียนรู้เพิ่มเติมเกี่ยวกับกฎหมาย ขอบเขตทางกฎหมาย และทิศทางของลายมือชื่อดิจิทัลและลายมือชื่ออิเล็กทรอนิกส์ในพื้นที่ APAC ที่นี่
เลือกภูมิภาคของคุณ:
China (CN)
Law:
The Electronic Law of the People's Republic of China passed in 2005 and amended in 2015 (E -signature law)
Electronic Signature Term Definition:
Electronic signature means the data in electronic form contained in and attached to a data message to be used for identifying the identity of the signatory and for showing that the signatory recognizes what is in the message.
Legality, Admissibility and Enforceability:
Electronic signature is legal and admissible as evidence in Court.
Requirements for Validity:
- When the creation data of the electronic signature are used for electronic signature, it exclusively belongs to an electronic signatory
- When the signature is entered, its creation data are controlled only by the electronic signatory
- After the signature is entered, any alteration made to the electronic signature can be detected
- After the signature is entered, any alteration made to the contents and form of a data message can be detected (Article 13 E-signature Law)
Applicability:
Employment contracts, commercial contracts, administrative documents, vouchers, receipts in civil activities and others not included in the restriction.
Key Restrictions:
- Documents relating to such personal relations as marriage, adoption and succession
- Documents relating to the transfer of the rights and interests residing in such real estate as land and houses
- Documents relating to termination of such public utility services as water supply, heat supply, gas supply and power supply
- Other circumstances where electronic documentation is not applicable, as provided for by laws and administrative regulations (Article 3 E signature Law)
Hong Kong (HK)
Law:
Hongkong Electronic Transaction Ordinance Act of 2000
Electronic Signature Term Definition:
Any letters, characters, numbers or other symbols in digital form attached to or logically associated with an electronic record, and executed or adopted for the purpose of authenticating or approving the electronic record:
Digital Signature Term Definition:
An electronic signature of the signer generated by the transformation of the electronic record using an asymmetric cryptosystem and a hash function such that a person having the initial untransformed electronic record and the signer’s public key can determine:
- Whether the transformation was generated using the private key that corresponds to the signer’s public key
- Whether the initial electronic record has been altered since the transformation was generated
Legality, Admissibility and Enforceability:
Electronic and digital signature are legal, admissible and equivalent to a signature of a person in a written document.
Requirements for validity and admissibility:
For Electronic Signature:
- Both parties must have consented to the use of electronic signature
- Uses a method to attach the electronic signature to or logically associate the electronic signature with an electronic record for the purpose of identifying himself and indicating his authentication or approval of the information contained in the document in the form of the electronic record
- Having regard to all the relevant circumstances, the method used is reliable, and is appropriate, for the purpose for which the information contained in the document is communicated
For Digital Signature:
- Supported by a recognized certificate
- Generated within the validity of that certificate
- Used in accordance with the terms of that certificate
Applicability:
Commercial documents, HR documents and other document not stated as restricted.
Key Restrictions:
- requirement or permission for information to be or given in writing
- — requirement or permission for a document to be served by personal service or by post
- Requirement for the signature of a person
- Requirement for information to be presented or retained in its original form
- Requirement for information to be retained, E.g. powers of attorney, will and real estate transaction and Court Summons (Part 3, ETO 0f 2000)
Indonesia (ID)
Law:
Law No. 11 of 2008 as amended by Law No. 19 of 2016 on Electronic Information and Transactions (“EIT Law”)
Electronic Signature Term Definition:
It is a signature that contains Electronic Information that is attached to, associated or linked with other Electronic Information that is used for means of verification and authentication.
Legality, Admissibility and Enforceability:
Electronic signature is valid, legal and binding as handwritten signature
Requirements for Validity:
- Electronic Signature creation data shall be associated only with the Signers
- — Electronic Signature creation data at the time the electronic signing process shall be only in the power of the Signers
- — Any alteration in Electronic Signatures that occur after the signing time is knowable
- — Any alteration in Electronic Information associated with the Electronic Signatures after the signing time is knowable
- — There are certain methods adopted to identify the identity of the Signers
- — There are certain methods to demonstrate that the Signers have given consent to the associated Electronic Information
- Created using the digital certificates provider that are registered with the Ministry of Communication and Information technology that has servers located in Indonesia.(Article 11 of Law No. 11 of 2008)
Applicability:
Commercial agreements between corporate entities, consumer and leases agreements other not restricted.
Key Restrictions:
- Documents or certificates that under Laws must be made in writing form
- Certificates together with their papers that under Laws must be made in notary deed or deed made by land conveyances (Article 5, par. 4 of Law No. 11 of 2008)
Malaysia (MY)
Law:
The Digital Signature Act of 1997 came into effect in Malaysia on 1st October 1998.
Digital Signature Term Definition:
Means a transformation of a message using an asymmetric cryptosystem such that a person having the initial message and the signer’s public key can accurately determine:
- Whether the transformation was created using the private key that corresponds to the signer’s public key
- Whether the message has been altered since the transformation was made
Legality, Admissibility and Enforceability:
Legal and admissible, but requires the use of digital signature
Requirements for validity and admissibility:
- That digital signature is verified by reference to the public key listed in a valid certificate issued by a licensed certification authority
- That digital signature was affixed by the signer with the intention of signing the message
- The recipient has no knowledge or notice that the signer:
- — Has breached a duty as a subscriber
- — Does not rightfully hold the private key used to affix the digital signature (Article 62 par. 1 DSA of 1997)
Applicability:
Applies to all documents where the law requires a signature
Key Restrictions:
No restriction noted.
Philippines (PH)
Law:
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 8792 or the Electronic Commerce Act of 2000 and the Rules on electronic evidence
Electronic Signature Term Definition:
It refers to any distinctive mark, characteristic and/or sound in electronic form, representing the identity of a person and attached to or logically associated with the electronic data message or electronic document or any methodology or procedures employed or adopted by a person and executed or adopted by such person with the intention of authenticating or approving an electronic data message or electronic document.
Digital Signature Term Definition:
It refers to an electronic signature consisting of a transformation of an electronic document or an electronic data message using an asymmetric or public cryptosystem such that a person having the initial untransformed electronic document and the signer’s public key can accurately determine:
- Whether the transformation was created using the private key that corresponds to the signer’s public key
- Whether the initial electronic document had been altered after the transformation was made (Rule 2, Section 1 of Rules on Electronic Evidence)
Legality, Admissibility and Enforceability:
An electronic signature on the electronic document shall be equivalent to the signature of a person on a written document (Sec. 8 R.A. 8792)
Requirements for validity and admissibility:
For Electronic Signature: If that signature is proved by showing that a prescribed procedure, not alterable by the parties interested in the electronic document, existed under which:
- A method is used to identify the party sought to be bound and to indicate said party's access to the electronic document necessary for his consent or approval through the electronic signature
- Said method is reliable and appropriate for the purpose for which the electronic document was generated or communicated, in the light of all circumstances, including any relevant agreement
- It is necessary for the party sought to be bound, in or order to proceed further with the transaction, to have executed or provided the electronic signature
- Has breached a duty as a subscriber
- The other party is authorized and enabled to verify the electronic signature and to make the decision to proceed with the transaction authenticated by the same
For Digital Signature:
- By evidence that a method or process was utilized to establish a digital signature and verity the same
- By any other means provided by law
- By any other means satisfactory to the judge as establishing the genuineness of the electronic signature
Applicability:
In general, all contracts, Agreements, HR documents. Securities and Exchange Commission documents such General Information Sheet. Annual Financial Statement and Statement of Management responsibility.
Key Restrictions:
All documents required to be notarized. Civil Registry (marriage, birth, adoption, custody, support etc.) and Land registration documents. E.g. Wills and testament, Affidavits, Power of Attorney.
Singapore (SG)
Law:
Electronic Transaction Act of 2010 Chapter 88 as revised in 2011.
Electronic Signature Term Definition:
Electronic signature that is treated as a secure electronic signature.
Digital Signature Term Definition:
It means an electronic signature consisting of a transformation of an electronic record using an asymmetric cryptosystem and a hash function such that a person having the initial untransformed electronic record and the signer’s public key can accurately determine:
- Whether the transformation was created using the private key that corresponds to the signer’s public key
- Whether the initial electronic record has been altered since the transformation was made
Legality, Admissibility and Enforceability:
Electronic signature and digital signature are valid and enforceable as handwritten signature
Requirements for validity and admissibility:
For Electronic Signature: At the time it was made:
- Unique to the person using it
- Capable of identifying such person
- Created in a manner or using a means under the sole control of the person using it
- Linked to the electronic record to which it relates in a manner such that if the record was changed the electronic signature would be invalidated
For Digital Signature:
- The digital signature was created during the operational period of a valid certificate and is verified by reference to the public key listed in such certificate
- The certificate is considered trustworthy, in that it is an accurate binding of a public key to a person’s identity because
- — The certificate was issued by an accredited certification authority operating in compliance with the regulations
- — The certificate was issued by a recognized certification authority
- — The certificate was issued by a public agency approved by the Minister to act as a certification authority on such conditions as he may by regulations impose or specify
- — The parties have expressly agreed between themselves (sender and recipient) to use digital signatures as a security procedure, and the digital signature was properly verified by reference to the sender’s public key ( Article 3, Part 1 of third schedule)
Applicability:
Commercial contracts, HR documents Employment contracts others not subject to restrictions.
Key Restrictions:
- The creation or execution of a will
- Negotiable instruments, documents of title, bills of exchange, promissory notes, consignment notes, bills of lading, warehouse receipts or any transferable document or instrument that entitles the bearer or beneficiary to claim the delivery of goods or the payment of a sum of money
- The creation, performance or enforcement of an indenture, declaration of trust or power of attorney, with the exception of implied, constructive and resulting trusts
- Any contract for the sale or other disposition of immovable property, or any interest in such property
- The conveyance of immovable property or the transfer of any interest in immovable property (First schedule ETA 2010)
South Korea (KR)
Law:
Framework Act on Electronic Trade (“FAET”) and the Electronic Signature Act (“ESA”) of July 1999, and Digital Signature Act (Act No. 14577)
Electronic Signature Term Definition:
An electronic record that is: Used to identify a signer and confirm the signer’s signature in a relevant electronic document. Attached or logically associated with the electronic document.
Digital Signature Term Definition:
It means a piece of information in digital form affixed on, or logically combined to, an electronic message in order to identify the signer and verify that the electronic message has been signed by that signer.
- Whether the transformation was created using the private key that corresponds to the signer’s public key
- Whether the initial electronic record has been altered since the transformation was made
Legality, Admissibility and Enforceability:
Electronic and digital signature has the same level of enforceability and admissibility as a “wet signature”
Requirements for validity and admissibility:
Uncertified electronic signatures are valid to the extent that it is agreed upon between the contracting parties. A valid certified electronic signature is one that is based on a public key certificate, and satisfies the following requirements:
- The key for creating the electronic signature must be held and known only by the signatory
- The signatory must control and manage the key at the time of signing
- It must be possible to determine whether there has been any change to the electronic signature since it was provided
- It must be possible to determine whether there has been any change to the electronic document since the electronic signature was provided.
For Digital Signature:
- That the digital signature creating key shall be only held by and known only to the subscriber
- That the subscriber shall be controlling and managing the digital signature creating key at the time of signing
- That it shall be ascertained whether there has been any alteration in the digital signature concerned since it was affixed
- That it shall be ascertained whether there has been any alteration in the electronic message concerned since digital signature was affixed (Digital Signature Act)
Applicability:
General business contracts, employment contracts, leasing agreements and other common types of contracts
Key Restrictions:
Articles on Incorporation, Wills and Testament, Document or Warranty and Guarantee, Document on Family Relations.
ประเทศไทย (TH)
กฎหมาย:
พระราชบัญญัติว่าด้วยธุรกรรมทางอิเล็กทรอนิกส์ พ.ศ. 2544
ความหมายของลายมือชื่ออิเล็กทรอนิกส์:
มันหมายถึงตัวอักษร หมายเลข เสียง หรือสัญลักษณ์อื่นใดๆที่สร้างขึ้นในรูปแบบอิเล็กทรอนิกส์และติดอยู่กับข้อความข้อมูลเพื่อสร้างความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างบุคคลและข้อความข้อมูลเพื่อวัตถุประสงค์ในการระบุผู้ลงนามที่เกี่ยวข้องกับข้อความข้อมูลดังกล่าว และแสดงให้เห็นว่าผู้ลงนามอนุมัติข้อมูลที่มีอยู่ในข้อความข้อมูลดังกล่าว
ความถูกต้องตามกฎหมาย การยอมรับและการบังคับใช้:
หลักฐานที่ถูกต้องและบังคับใช้เป็นลายเซ็นที่เขียนด้วยลายมือ
ข้อกำหนดสำหรับความถูกต้องและการยอมรับ:
- ข้อมูลสำหรับใช้สร้างลายมือชื่ออิเล็กทรอนิกส์นั้นได้เชื่อมโยงไปยังเจ้าของลายมือชื่อโดยไม่เชื่อมโยงไปยังบุคคลอื่นภายใต้สภาพที่นำมาใช้
- ในขณะสร้างลายมือชื่ออิเล็กทรอนิกส์นั้น ข้อมูลสำหรับใช้สร้างลายมือชื่ออิเล็กทรอนิกส์อยู่ภายใต้การควบคุมของเจ้าของลายมือชื่อโดยไม่มีการควบคุมของบุคคลอื่น
- การเปลี่ยนแปลงใด ๆ ที่เกิดแก่ลายมือชื่ออิเล็กทรอนิกส์ นับแต่เวลาที่ได้สร้างขึ้นสามารถจะตรวจพบได้ และ
- ในกรณีที่กฎหมายกำหนดให้การลงลายมือชื่ออิเล็กทรอนิกส์เป็นไปเพื่อรับรองความครบถ้วนและไม่มีการเปลี่ยนแปลงของข้อความ การเปลี่ยนแปลงใดแก่ข้อความนั้นสามารถตรวจพบได้นับแต่เวลาที่ลงลายมือชื่ออิเล็กทรอนิกส์
- บทบัญญัติในวรรคหนึ่ง ไม่เป็นการจำกัดว่าไม่มีวิธีการอื่นใดที่แสดงได้ว่าเป็นลายมือชื่ออิเล็กทรอนิกส์ที่เชื่อถือได้ หรือการแสดงพยานหลักฐานใดเกี่ยวกับความไม่น่าเชื่อถือของลายมือชื่ออิเล็กทรอนิกส์ (Sec. 26, ETA 2001)
การบังคับใช้:
เอกสารทั้งหมด
ข้อจำกัดหลัก:
ไม่มีข้อจำกัดที่ระบุไว้
Vietnam (VN)
Law:
Law No. 51 or the Law on E-transactions 2005 as amended by Resolution 51/2001/QH10 of 25/12/2001
Electronic Signature Term Definition:
E-signature established in the form of words, letters, numbers, symbols, sound or other form by electronic means, logically attached with or associated with a data message, which has an ability to certify the person who signs the data message and to certify the approval of such person to the content of the signed data message.
Legality, Admissibility and Enforceability:
Valid and enforceable in Court as handwritten signature where both parties agreed
Requirements for validity and admissibility:
- The method creating the e-signature permit [such method] to identify that person and to indicate that person's approval of the contents of the data message
- Such method is sufficiently reliable and appropriate for the purpose for which the data message was generated and communicated (Article 24 Law 51)
Applicability:
Documents involving commercial transactions and other not included in the restrictions.
Key Restrictions:
Grants of certificates of land use rights, house ownership rights and other immovable properties, writings related to inheritance, marriage certification, divorce decision, birth declaration, death declaration, land and other immovable assets; bills of exchange and other valuable papers (Article 1 Law No. 51)
ข้อสงวนสิทธิ์: ข้อมูลที่กล่าวถึงข้างต้นเป็นเพียงคำแนะนำและการรับรู้ทั่วไป ไม่ใช่คำแนะนำทางกฎหมาย คำถามทางกฎหมายที่เฉพาะเจาะจงจะต้องได้รับการแก้ไขและปรึกษากับทนายความที่ได้รับอนุญาตในภูมิภาคนั้นๆ.
ลายมือชื่อดิจิทัล
ลายมือชื่อดิจิทัลคือลายมือชื่ออิเล็กทรอนิกส์และรหัสดิจิทัลที่เชื่อถือได้รวมกันเป็นหนึ่งเดียว และเหมาะสำหรับการลงนามในเอกสารที่สำคัญ เช่นสัญญาและใบแจ้งหนี้ เนื่องจากเป้นหลักทำให้ระยะเวลาของโครงการสั้งลง ประหยัดค่าใช้จ่าย และเวิร์กโฟลว์โดยอัตโนมัติ ในขณะที่มั่นใจในความสมบูรณ์ของเอกสารและการปฏิบัติตามกฎหมาย
บริการลงนามดิจิทัลหรือ DSS ของ GlobalSign นำเสนอลายมือชื่อดิจิทัลที่ปรับขนาดได้และบนคลาวด์ที่มีให้ผ่าน RESTful API มันเป็นทางออกแรกในตลาดที่จะรวมส่วนประกอบการเข้ารหัสที่สนับสนุนทั้งหมด รวมถึงห่วงโซ่ใบรับรองที่เชื่อถือได้ของ AATL เต็มรูปแบบ การตอบสนองการประทับเวลาและการตรวจสอบ OCSP ในการเรียกใช้ API ครั้งเดียว พวกเขาถูกรวมเข้ากับแอพพลิเคชั่นเอกสารที่มีอยู่เพื่อสร้างเวิร์กโฟลว์ที่ราบรื่นและมีประสิทธิภาพมากขึ้น นอกจากนี้ยังมีการปรับใช้ทางเลือก เช่นโทเค็น USB หรือ HSM สำหรับข้อมูลเพิ่มเติมให้ไปที่ https://www.globalsign.com/th-th/digital-signatures (ใช้เว็บไซต์ประเทศที่เกี่ยวข้องสำหรับ for PH, AU, HK)
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